April 23, 2018
City Council President Andrea Campbell is calling for a hearing to examine diversity in law enforcement and public safety agencies. She plans to file a hearing order at the weekly council meeting on Wed., April 25.
Campbell said in a statement that the promised funding for implementing police body cameras in Boston makes this “an opportune time to continue to work on measures that will naturally build trust between our public safety agencies and our communities, especially communities of color.”
A draft of the hearing order, offered by Campbell and councillor Timothy McCarthy, notes the vast disparities between the city’s racial and gender makeup and that of its public safety agencies.
“While Boston is a culturally, racially, ethnically, and linguistically diverse City, workforce demographics for our public safety agencies do not reflect the demographics of the population they serve,” the order reads.
For almost two decades, Boston has been a “majority-minority” city. Boston Planning and Development Agency analysis of census data in 2018 determined 46.3 percent of residents are white, 22.8 percent are black, 19 percent are Hispanic, and 9.3 percent are Asian. About 37 percent of residents speak a language other than English at home.
A 2016 report released by the U.S. Department of Justice and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, cited in the hearing order, found “[w]hen members of the public believe their law enforcement organizations represent them, understand them, and respond to them […] it deepens trust in law enforcement, instills public confidence in government, and supports the integrity of democracy. This trust, the report said, contributes to an environment in which public safety officers can “more effectively and safely perform their jobs.”
In the Boston Police Department, which includes 2,073 officers, 67 percent of them are white, 22 percent are black, 9 percent are Hispanic, and 2 percent are Asian. Of 1,511 Boston firefighters, 72 percent are white, 19 percent are black, 8 percent are Hispanic, and 0.4 percent are Asian. And of 399 EMS technicians, 68 percent are white, 13 percent are black, 7 percent are Hispanic, and 1 percent are Asian.
The differences become more pronounced in leadership. The 121 Boston Police lieutenants, captains, and superintendents are 86 percent white, 12 percent black, 2 percent Hispanic, and 1 percent Asian. There are 367 Boston Fire Department deputies, district chiefs, captains, and lieutenants, 83 percent of whom are white, 12 percent are black, 5 percent are Hispanic, and none are Asian. Similarly, of 44 EMS chiefs, superintendents, captains, and lieutenants, 73 percent are white, 18 percent are black, 9 percent are Hispanic, and none are Asian.
An NAACP report on Boston’s diversity seemed to find a backslide in diverse Fire Department hiring in recent years. Of the new firefighters hired during Mayor Martin Walsh’s tenure, 85 percent of them were white as of October 2017. Police and fire officials have been on the record stating the need for more diverse forces, but note built-in requirements like civil service exams and veterans’ preference, which can contribute to disproportionately white recruits.
Measures like the renewed police cadet program have the potential to increase diverse recruits, proponents say.
The differences in representation also extend to gender. About 52 percent of Boston residents are female, but women are only 13 percent of the city’s police officers and 7 percent of the police command staff, 1 percent of firefighters and 0.3 percent of Boston Fire command, and 32 percent of EMS technicians and 20 percent of EMS leadership.
Campbell said one of the ways to build trust in communities is to ensure that the agencies are demographically representative, “and that means increasing the number of women and residents of color,” she said. “As more top tier officers and firefighters retire, this work is indeed necessary. The goal of this hearing is to highlight current initiatives to increase diversity in these departments, and to develop short and long term solutions that will shift the current numbers.”